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Related Concept Videos

Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview01:22

Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview

Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though pharmacologically...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Synthesis, Hemoglobin Encapsulation and Biorthogonal PEGylation in Hierarchically Porous UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Delivery Applications
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Synthesis, Hemoglobin Encapsulation and Biorthogonal PEGylation in Hierarchically Porous UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Delivery Applications

Published on: May 8, 2026

IPR and technological issues regarding a biopharmaceutical formulation hemoglobin.

Chandrashekhar Honrao1, Uttam C Banerjee, Parikshit Bansal

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India.

Recent Patents on Biotechnology
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Recombinant hemoglobin offers a stable, universally compatible blood substitute, overcoming limitations of human-derived products. Biotechnology advancements are key to its biopharmaceutical production and therapeutic use.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Synthesis, Hemoglobin Encapsulation and Biorthogonal PEGylation in Hierarchically Porous UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Delivery Applications
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Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • Hemoglobin is vital for oxygen transport, with purified hemoglobin explored as a blood substitute for nearly a century.
  • Hemoglobin formulations have critical therapeutic applications, particularly in emergencies like trauma and warfare.
  • Current manufacturing faces challenges due to reliance on human blood and hemoglobin's inherent instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review intellectual property rights (IPR) and technological challenges in commercial hemoglobin production.
  • To explore the role of biotechnology in overcoming manufacturing barriers for hemoglobin biopharmaceuticals.
  • To assess advancements in hemoglobin stability and recombinant production methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global patents related to hemoglobin formulation, cross-linking, and determination.
  • Analysis of existing scientific literature on hemoglobin bioproduction and stabilization.
  • Examination of biotechnological approaches for recombinant hemoglobin synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Over 250 global patents exist for hemoglobin formulation, cross-linking, and determination.
  • Biotechnology offers solutions for recombinant hemoglobin production, addressing supply limitations.
  • Protein engineering strategies can enhance hemoglobin stability for therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Biotechnology is crucial for overcoming challenges in producing stable, recombinant hemoglobin.
  • Addressing IPR and technological issues is essential for the commercial viability of hemoglobin-based therapeutics.
  • Advancements pave the way for hemoglobin as a universal, life-saving biopharmaceutical.