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Current and future developments in patents for quantitative trait loci in dairy cattle
1Institute of Animal Sciences, A. R. O., The Volcani Center, P. O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. weller@agri.huji.ac.il
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences
|December 17, 2008
Summary
Discovering genetic markers for dairy cattle can enhance genetic gain. While some patented DNA sequences show promise, their validity and commercial applications require further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics
- Quantitative Genetics
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Genetic gain in dairy cattle can be improved through selection on quantitative trait loci (QTL) or linked genetic markers.
- DNA-level genetic markers facilitate routine QTL detection across livestock species.
- Research into genes affecting quantitative traits typically involves candidate gene analysis or genome scans using within-family genetic linkage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review patents related to DNA sequences affecting economic traits in dairy cattle.
- To assess the validity and independent verification of claimed genetic associations.
- To examine the commercialization of genetic tests for dairy farmers.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of patent literature for DNA sequences associated with dairy cattle economic traits.
- Evaluation of independent study replications for candidate gene approaches.
- Assessment of genome scan findings for specific mutations affecting milk traits.
Main Results:
- Twelve patents have been registered for DNA sequences impacting dairy cattle economic traits, primarily milk production.
- Candidate gene approaches yielded sequences with limited independent validation.
- Genome scans identified two missense mutations on chromosomes 6 and 14 affecting milk concentration, though claims remain disputed.
- Some patented genetic tests are commercialized for dairy farmers.
Conclusions:
- The validity of many patented DNA sequences for dairy cattle traits is questionable.
- Genome scan-derived mutations offer more robust evidence but still face disputes.
- Commercialization of genetic tests indicates market interest, but scientific consensus on efficacy is pending.
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