Implications of small nucleolar RNA-protein complexes discoveries

Small nucleolar RNA molecules (snoRNA) comprise a special kind of non-coding RNAs involved in the maturation process of rRNAs, snRNAs, tRNAs and mRNAs. Traditionally, these molecules have been divided into two families depending on the type of conserved boxes that they harbour: box C/D and H/ACA snoRNAs. Both types of snoRNAs are found associated with proteins forming a complex called snoRNP. Although some of the snoRNPs of each family mediate endonucleolytic cleavages of pre-rRNA, most of them participate in nucleotide modification: 2'-O- methylated nucleotides in the case of C/D snoRNPs and pseudouridine in the case of H/ACA snoRNPs. Based on published patents, the purpose of this review is to show the biotechnological impact of these molecules, which rely on their special features: participation in the functionality of ribosome, specific location on cell, and abnormal expression in some diseases like cancer.