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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Videos

Functional analysis of FOXP3.

Jane H Buckner1, Steven F Ziegler

  • 1Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control self-reactive T cells. This review explores how the transcription factor FOXP3 regulates Treg function in humans and mice, focusing on mechanisms of dominant tolerance.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Self-tolerance prevents autoimmune diseases.
  • Peripheral tolerance is mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly the CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) subset.
  • FOXP3 is crucial for Treg development and function, but its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the transcription factor FOXP3 in regulating CD4 T cell function.
  • To emphasize recent findings in human systems regarding FOXP3's control over dominant peripheral tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on FOXP3 function in CD4 T cells.
  • Comparative analysis of FOXP3 roles in human and mouse models.
  • Focus on recent research in human immunology.

Main Results:

  • FOXP3 is essential for the development and suppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells.
  • FOXP3 controls dominant peripheral tolerance by regulating autoreactive T cells.
  • Recent human studies provide insights into specific FOXP3-mediated regulatory pathways.

Conclusions:

  • FOXP3 plays a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance.
  • Understanding FOXP3 mechanisms is key to developing therapies for autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research in human systems will elucidate precise FOXP3 regulatory networks.