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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to p-phenylenediamine
Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen1, Jonathan M L White,
1National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology, Gentofte University Hospital, Ledreborg Allé 40, 1. Gentofte 2820, Denmark. jacpth01@geh.regionh.dk
Contact Dermatitis
|December 17, 2008
Summary
Hair dye ingredient p-phenylenediamine (PPD) causes allergic reactions. PPD sensitization prevalence varies globally, highlighting a significant public health concern requiring stricter regulations for hair care products.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Toxicology
- Public Health
Background:
- p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common ingredient in permanent hair dyes.
- PPD exposure can lead to allergic contact sensitization, dermatitis, and facial edema.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review PPD patch test literature to understand PPD allergy prevalence.
- To estimate the prevalence and burden of PPD sensitization from hair care products.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of PPD patch test data.
- Databases searched: PubMed-MEDLINE, Biosis, Science Citation Index.
- Analysis of prevalence in dermatitis patients and the general population across continents.
Main Results:
- Median PPD sensitization prevalence: 4.3% (Asia), 4% (Europe), 6.2% (North America).
- Observed increased prevalence in Asian dermatitis patients.
- European prevalence shows a plateau (2-6%) after a 1970s decrease; North American prevalence remains high with a slight decrease.
Conclusions:
- Contact allergy to PPD is a significant health issue for both genders.
- Increased PPD sensitization necessitates stricter regulations and enforcement for hair dye products.
- Public health measures are needed to mitigate the health burden associated with PPD exposure.
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