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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Risedronate therapy prevents corticosteroid-induced bone loss: a twelve-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

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Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group.

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Related Experiment Videos

Pathogenesis of the osteoporoses.

D W Axelrod

    Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases
    |December 17, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Understanding bone fragility in osteoporosis requires assessing bone quality, including volume, material properties, and architecture. Future diagnostics and therapeutics should target these components for better treatment of osteoporotic bone diseases.

    Area of Science:

    • Bone biology and osteoporosis research.
    • Biomedical engineering and materials science.
    • Gerontology and metabolic bone diseases.

    Background:

    • Postmenopausal osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnostics rely on bone mineral density, but bone fragility is key.
    • Bone fragility stems from diminished bone quality, encompassing volume, material properties, and architecture.
    • Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches may overemphasize bone mineral density, neglecting other quality aspects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the multifaceted contributors to bone fragility beyond densitometry.
    • To elucidate the role of bone quality components in osteoporosis pathogenesis.
    • To advocate for a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treating osteoporosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Review and synthesis of current literature on bone quality, osteoporosis, and remodeling.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of how different pathogenic processes and therapies impact bone quality components.
  • Discussion of emerging genetic and cellular mechanisms influencing bone material properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Bone quality is a triad of bone volume, material properties, and architecture, all affected by osteoporosis.
    • Disordered bone remodeling (resorption and formation) leads to reduced volume and architectural integrity.
    • Genetic factors and systemic/local modulators influence cellular activity and bone material properties (collagen, mineralization).

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive understanding of bone quality is crucial for effective osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment.
    • Future research should focus on integrating assessments of all bone quality components.
    • Developing targeted diagnostics and therapeutics that address the full spectrum of bone quality is essential for optimizing patient outcomes.