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Related Concept Videos

Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

Fatal group a streptococcal necrotizing myopathy.

Yelena Lindenbaum1, N Stanley Nahman, Jerry R Mendell

  • 1From the *Department of Neurology and the Neuromuscular Center at The Ohio State University, and the daggerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbus, Ohio.

Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A rare, severe Group A Streptococcus infection caused widespread muscle weakness and organ failure in an immunosuppressed patient. This case highlights a novel presentation of streptococcal myopathy, differing from typical localized infections.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Immunosuppressive therapy post-renal transplantation increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
  • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) typically causes localized infections, often with a significant inflammatory response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of diffuse necrotizing myopathy caused by Group A Streptococcus in an immunocompromised patient.
  • To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and outcome of this rare streptococcal myopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 72-year-old female renal transplant recipient.
  • Clinical data collection including symptoms, laboratory tests (creatine kinase, myoglobinuria), blood cultures, and muscle biopsy.
  • Review of medical literature for similar presentations of GAS myopathy.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with progressive, generalized muscle weakness and elevated creatine kinase levels.
  • Blood cultures confirmed Group A Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Muscle biopsy revealed necrotizing myopathy without significant cellular infiltrate.
  • Despite treatment, the patient experienced multiorgan system failure and cardiovascular collapse.

Conclusions:

  • This case represents a novel and severe presentation of Group A Streptococcus infection manifesting as diffuse necrotizing myopathy.
  • The absence of localized symptoms and typical inflammatory response in the muscle biopsy distinguishes this from usual GAS infections.
  • Immunocompromised status may predispose to atypical and severe presentations of common bacterial infections.