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Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Initiation of Translation

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Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Published on: September 30, 2016

General RNA-binding proteins have a function in poly(A)-binding protein-dependent translation.

Yuri V Svitkin¹, Valentina M Evdokimova, Ann Brasey

¹Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The EMBO Journal

|December 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The RNA-binding protein YB-1 regulates mRNA circularization by competing with eIF4G. This competition is crucial for poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) to efficiently stimulate translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) activity.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Genetics

Background:

The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) interacts with eukaryotic translational initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) to promote mRNA circularization, thereby stimulating translation.
The roles of general RNA-binding proteins in mRNA circularization and their impact on translation initiation have not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the function of the major mRNA ribonucleoprotein YB-1 in regulating the activity of the translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex by PABP.
To elucidate the mechanism by which YB-1 influences PABP-mediated stimulation of translation.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 80S ribosome initiation complex formation in cell extracts.
Experiments using rabbit reticulocyte lysate to assess PABP-dependent translation.
Investigation of eIF4E binding to the cap structure under various conditions, including YB-1 and PABP manipulation.

Main Results:

YB-1 exacerbates PABP depletion-induced inhibition of 80S ribosome initiation complex formation.
YB-1 renders translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate dependent on PABP.
YB-1 inhibits eIF4E cap-binding, while nonspecific RNA stimulates it.
PABP more potently stimulates eIF4E cap-binding when previously downregulated by YB-1.
Nonspecific RNA abrogates PABP stimulation of eIF4E binding.

Conclusions:

YB-1 plays a pivotal role in regulating eIF4F activity by PABP.
Competition between YB-1 and eIF4G for mRNA binding is essential for PABP to efficiently stimulate eIF4F activity.
These findings reveal a novel mechanism for translational control involving RNA-binding proteins and mRNA circularization.