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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Glaucoma alters the circadian timing system.

Elise Drouyer1, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Christophe Chiquet

  • 1Department of Chronobiology, INSERM, U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France.

Plos One
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve and also disrupts the body's internal clock. This study shows glaucoma reduces light-sensing cells and impairs circadian rhythm adjustment in rats.

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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness due to optic nerve damage.
  • Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are crucial for vision and light-based circadian regulation.
  • The impact of glaucoma on the circadian timing system remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular, anatomical, and functional consequences of glaucoma on the circadian timing system.
  • To determine if glaucoma affects melanopsin-expressing RGCs and their projections.
  • To assess the ability of glaucomatous subjects to adapt to light-dark cycle changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rodent model of chronic ocular hypertension to simulate glaucoma.
  • Employed anterograde tracing to quantify RGC axon terminal reductions.
  • Assessed light-entrainment capacity through shifted light-dark cycles and light intensity variations.
  • Conducted quantitative PCR to measure melanopsin and other opsin mRNA levels.

Main Results:

  • Glaucoma significantly reduced RGC axon terminals (50-70%) in visual and non-visual brain regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
  • Glaucomatous rats showed delayed re-entrainment to shifted light-dark cycles and increased activity onset variability.
  • Melanopsin, rod, and cone opsin mRNA levels were significantly decreased in glaucomatous retinas.

Conclusions:

  • Glaucoma induces significant anatomical and functional alterations in the mammalian circadian timing system.
  • The findings challenge the traditional view of glaucoma as solely a visual system pathology.
  • Glaucoma's impact extends to the disruption of light signaling pathways regulating circadian rhythms.