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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences. The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences. The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

Published on: April 16, 2018

Ultraconserved elements in the Olig2 promoter.

Christina T L Chen¹, David I Gottlieb, Barak A Cohen

¹Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.

|December 17, 2008

Summary

Researchers identified novel regulatory DNA regions controlling Olig2 gene expression, crucial for oligodendrocyte development and myelin formation. One region represses Olig2 in stem cells, suggesting a developmental switch for myelin production.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Identifying Transcription Factor Olig2 Genomic Binding Sites in Acutely Purified PDGFRα+ Cells by Low-cell Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Analysis

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Published on: November 29, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, essential for rapid nerve conduction; their dysfunction causes neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Olig2 transcription factor specifies oligodendrocyte differentiation early in neural development.
Understanding Olig2 regulation is key to deciphering oligodendrocyte differentiation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for identifying regulatory DNA sequences controlling Olig2 expression.
To investigate the role of non-coding DNA elements in Olig2 gene regulation.

Main Methods:

Utilized bioinformatics to identify ten potential regulatory regions upstream of Olig2 based on evolutionary conservation, transcription factor binding sites, and ultraconserved elements.
Tested a candidate regulatory region's function in modulating the Olig2 basal promoter activity in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

Main Results:

Identified ten candidate regulatory regions, including one previously known as the Olig2 basal promoter, validating the computational approach.
A novel upstream regulatory region was found to repress Olig2 expression in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

Conclusions:

The identified regulatory region represses Olig2 expression, supporting a model where differentiation involves relieving this repression.
These findings provide a foundation for understanding the cis-regulatory logic governing Olig2 expression during development.
Further studies on these elements will elucidate interactions controlling Olig2 during oligodendrocyte development.