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Optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction procedure for trace analysis of toluene.

Hamid-Reza Heidari¹, Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri, Farideh Golbabaei

¹School of Public Health & Institute of Public Health Research, Center for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. IR Iran. shahtaheri@tums.ac.ir

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics : JOSE

|December 17, 2008

Summary

This study optimized headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography for trace toluene detection in urine. The validated method offers accurate and reproducible analysis of toluene in biological samples.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Forensic Toxicology

Background:

Toluene is a volatile organic compound with potential health risks.
Accurate detection of trace toluene in biological matrices like urine is crucial for exposure assessment.
Existing analytical methods may require complex sample preparation or lack sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for trace toluene determination in spiked urine.
To establish a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate analytical method for toluene in urine.

Main Methods:

Optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction parameters including extraction time and temperature, desorption time and temperature, NaCl concentration, sample pH, volume, and agitation.
Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for analyte separation and detection.
Method validation including reproducibility, accuracy, linearity, and detection limits.

Main Results:

Optimized extraction conditions: 30°C for 6 min with 0.2 g/L NaCl, 5 mL sample volume, and neutral pH (7).
Optimized desorption conditions: 250°C for 60 s.
The method demonstrated good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days and 6 within-day experiments.
Validation confirmed method accuracy, linearity, and suitable detection limits for trace toluene analysis.

Conclusions:

The optimized HS-SPME-GC-FID method provides a robust and efficient approach for the trace-level determination of toluene in urine.
This validated method is suitable for routine toxicological screening and environmental exposure monitoring.
The study successfully established a reliable analytical tool for toluene quantification in biological samples.