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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...

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On the other...

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Red blood cells (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Fast and Specific Assessment of the Halogenating Peroxidase Activity in Leukocyte-enriched Blood Samples

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Published on: July 28, 2016

[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria].

Pilar M Hernández-Campo¹, Julia Almeida, Alberto Orfao

¹Servicio General de Citometría, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-USAL/CSIC), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.

Medicina Clinica

|December 17, 2008

Summary

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired blood disorder caused by PIG-A gene mutations. Diagnosis involves evaluating deficient GPI-anchored proteins, crucial for cell surface function.

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Context:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic disorder.
It stems from somatic mutations in the PIG-A gene, impacting glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis.
This leads to deficient surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins on blood cells.

Purpose:

To review recent advances in understanding PNH pathogenesis.
To discuss current diagnostic and monitoring strategies for PNH patients.

Summary:

PNH is characterized by PIG-A gene mutations affecting GPI anchor synthesis, resulting in a deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins.
Deficient expression of proteins like CD55 and CD59 increases PNH cell susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis.
Clinical manifestations include cytopenia, infection susceptibility, and thrombosis.

Impact:

Improved understanding of PNH pathogenic mechanisms.
Enhanced diagnostic and monitoring approaches for PNH patients.
Potential for better patient management and outcomes.