[Nursing care in the initial phases of pelvic floor prolapse]

Uterine prolapse consists of a falling or sliding of the uterus from its normal position in the pelvic cavity inside the vagina and is one of the most frequent alterations secondary to pelvic floor dysfunction in gynecology consultations. Although patients are reluctant to talk about this sensitive issue, they complain of feeling a lump in their genitals, urinary incontinence, and problems in their sexual relations. In fact, uterine prolapse is not a disease but an alteration of the elements suspending and containing the uterus, which are almost always injured by pregnancy and childbirth. Other causes in addition to trauma of the endopelvic fascia (mainly cardinal and uterosacral ligaments) are injuries or relaxations of the pelvic floor (the muscles lifting the anus and the fascia that covers the bladder, vagina and rectum). Causes of uterine prolapse without obstetric antecedents are usually those that involve an increase in abdominal pressure and respiratory diseases causing severe coughing. The incidence of uterine prolapse is highest in multiparous women, with prolonged deliveries, a long second stage involving marked straining, in forceps deliveries and in women with perineal tears. Nursing care is essential, both in the prevention and the detection of prolapse, so that women can express their needs without fear and are aware of the need for appropriate treatment in the incipient stages of prolapse.