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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
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Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology
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Published on: October 3, 2016

[Infectious risk].

E Calabuig1, M Salavert

  • 1Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España.

Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

TNF-alpha inhibitors, like infliximab, are effective for chronic inflammatory diseases but carry risks of infection and other adverse events. Proactive screening and preventative measures significantly minimize these risks for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Biological therapies, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors, are widely used for immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • While generally well-tolerated in clinical trials, long-term pharmacovigilance has revealed safety concerns in real-world clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety profile of TNF-alpha inhibitors, focusing on adverse events associated with their use in chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • To discuss the specific risks and management strategies related to infliximab, a prominent TNF-alpha inhibitor.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacovigilance data and long-term follow-up studies on TNF-alpha inhibitors.
  • Analysis of adverse events categorized by target-related effects (immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity, etc.) and agent-related effects (allergic reactions).
  • Evaluation of infection risks, including pyogenic, granulomatous, and opportunistic infections, associated with infliximab treatment.

Main Results:

  • TNF-alpha inhibitors can increase susceptibility to infections (pyogenic, granulomatous, opportunistic) and neoplasms due to immunosuppression.
  • Specific risks include hepatotoxicity, autoantibody production, demyelinizing diseases, and worsening heart failure.
  • Infliximab treatment is associated with an increased risk of various infections, particularly tuberculosis, which has been quantified.
  • Screening for latent infections, especially tuberculosis, and implementing prophylactic measures significantly reduce infection risks.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive screening for latent infections, particularly tuberculosis, before initiating anti-TNF-alpha therapy is crucial.
  • Implementing preventative strategies, including early treatment, hygiene, and vaccination, effectively minimizes the risk of infections in patients treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors.
  • These measures help to equalize the infection-triggering potential among different biological agents.