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Related Concept Videos

Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential01:12

Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential

The electric field and electric potential are related to each other. If the electric field at various points in the region of interest is known, it can be used to calculate the electric potential difference between any two points. Similarly, if the electric potential is known for various points, then it is possible to calculate the electric field.
In general, regardless of whether the electric field is uniform, it points in the direction of decreasing potential because the force on a positive...
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field01:13

Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field

For a system of charges, it is easy to calculate the system's potential because potential is a scalar quantity. However, in some instances where calculating the electric field is more straightforward than finding the potential, the electric field is used to calculate the system's potential. For a positive charge, the electric field is radially outward, and the potential is positive at any finite distance from the positive charge. In such an electric field, the motion away from the positive...
Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere01:22

Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere

Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net charge enclosed within the surface. This law is beneficial for determining the expressions for the electric field for a particular charge distribution if the electric flux is known.
Consider a non-uniformly charged sphere, for which the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. Such a sphere has a spherically symmetrical charge distribution. Here, the electric...
Electric Field01:16

Electric Field

Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by defining a new physical quantity called the electric field.
In the new picture, imagine that the first charge sets up an electric field independent of all other charges in the universe. When another charge comes in its vicinity, the second charge experiences an electric force depending on the electric field at that point. The source charge does not...
Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

Performance optimization in electric field gradient focusing.

Xuefei Sun1, Paul B Farnsworth, H Dennis Tolley

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study improved electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) devices for protein separation and concentration. New buffer systems and device designs achieved stable currents, linear electric fields, and 14,000-fold protein concentration.

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Electrochemical Etching and Characterization of Sharp Field Emission Points for Electron Impact Ionization
06:58

Electrochemical Etching and Characterization of Sharp Field Emission Points for Electron Impact Ionization

Published on: July 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

Electrochemical Etching and Characterization of Sharp Field Emission Points for Electron Impact Ionization
06:58

Electrochemical Etching and Characterization of Sharp Field Emission Points for Electron Impact Ionization

Published on: July 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) separates and concentrates biomacromolecules using electric fields and fluid flow.
  • Previous EFGF devices had issues with linear electric fields and stable currents.
  • Protein adsorption was minimized using poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized copolymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance EFGF device performance by improving electric field linearity and current stability.
  • To optimize ion transport within the hydrogel for better device function.
  • To investigate the impact of channel dimensions on separation efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Replaced Tris-HCl buffer with a phosphate buffer containing high-mobility ions (KCl).
  • Fabricated EFGF devices from poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized copolymers.
  • Investigated the effect of separation channel dimensions on protein focusing.

Main Results:

  • Achieved stable currents, good reproducibility, and linear electric field distribution.
  • Calculated an electric field gradient of approximately 5.76 V/cm² for R-phycoerythrin at 500 V.
  • Demonstrated 14,000-fold protein sample concentration (2 ng/mL to 27 µg/mL) and resolved three model proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The improved EFGF device design with phosphate buffer and KCl enhances ion transport, leading to superior performance.
  • Device performance, including electric field linearity and current stability, is significantly improved.
  • The optimized EFGF technique offers highly efficient separation and substantial concentration of biomacromolecules.