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Related Concept Videos

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores02:40

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the biosynthesis of the...
Tonicity in Plants01:20

Tonicity in Plants

Plant cells maintain appropriate osmotic balance in extreme conditions. For instance, plants in dry environments store water in vacuoles, limit the opening of their stoma, and have thick, waxy cuticles to prevent unnecessary water loss. Some species of plants that live in salty environments store salt in their roots. As a result, water osmosis occurs in the root from the surrounding soil.
Tonicity
Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water depending on the solute...
Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.

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Herbivore-induced Blueberry Volatiles and Intra-plant Signaling
10:28

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Published on: December 18, 2011

Deciduous shrubs for ozone bioindication: Hibiscus syriacus as an example.

Elena Paoletti1, Anna Maria Ferrara, Vicent Calatayud

  • 1Institut Plant Protection (IPP), National Council Research (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Ambient ozone causes visible injury to ornamental hibiscus plants. The antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU) confirmed ozone as the cause, reducing injury by 75% and demonstrating heritable sensitivity for use as bioindicators.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Pathology
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Visible injury, resembling ozone damage, was observed on ornamental Hibiscus syriacus hedges.
  • Ambient ozone is a significant phytotoxic air pollutant affecting vegetation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm ambient ozone as the causal agent of visible injury on Hibiscus syriacus.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of ethylenediurea (EDU) as a diagnostic tool for ozone injury.
  • To assess the heritability of ozone sensitivity in Hibiscus syriacus for potential bioindication.

Main Methods:

  • Weekly application of ethylenediurea (EDU, 300ppm) to assess its protective effect against visible injury.
  • Controlled exposure of Hibiscus syriacus seedlings to ozone in Open-Top Chambers (OTCs) with filtered and non-filtered air.
  • Comparison of injury levels between ambient-grown hedges and OTC-exposed seedlings.

Main Results:

  • EDU application resulted in a 75% reduction in visible injury, confirming ambient ozone as the cause.
  • Ozone-induced visible injury occurred at lower exposure levels in artificially exposed seedlings compared to the ambient hedge.
  • Injury severity varied with plant exposure, being greater on the western side of the hedge.

Conclusions:

  • Ambient ozone is a primary cause of visible injury in Hibiscus syriacus, and EDU is an effective diagnostic tool.
  • Ozone sensitivity in this species is heritable, supporting its use as a bioindicator for ambient ozone pollution.
  • Variability in injury due to exposure direction must be considered in ozone biomonitoring programs.