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Trichinellosis in wolves from Croatia.

Relja Beck1, Ana Beck, Josip Kusak

  • 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department for Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia. reljab@vef.hr

Veterinary Parasitology
|December 17, 2008
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Summary

Trichinella infection in Croatian wolves was studied, revealing a 31% prevalence. Trichinella britovi was dominant, but Trichinella spiralis, a domestic species, was unexpectedly found.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Wildlife Epidemiology

Background:

  • Trichinella spp. are parasitic nematodes with significant public health and economic implications.
  • Wild carnivores, such as wolves (Canis lupus), are important reservoirs for Trichinella transmission.
  • Previous studies in the region primarily identified Trichinella britovi in wildlife.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and species of Trichinella infection in wolves from a defined area in Croatia.
  • To identify geographic variations in Trichinella infection rates within the study region.
  • To report the unexpected presence of a "domestic" Trichinella species in wild wolves.

Main Methods:

  • Muscle samples from 67 wolves (Canis lupus) collected between 1996 and 2007 were analyzed using artificial digestion.
  • Multiplex PCR was employed for the molecular genotyping of detected Trichinella larvae.
  • Geographic distribution and prevalence data were analyzed across different regions of Croatia.

Main Results:

  • A prevalence of 31% (21 out of 67 wolves) was found for Trichinella infection.
  • Trichinella britovi was the predominant species (90%), while Trichinella spiralis (a domestic species) was detected in 9% of infected wolves.
  • Infection prevalence varied geographically, with notable findings in Gorski Kotar and the first report from Dalmatia.

Conclusions:

  • Wolves in Croatia are infected with Trichinella, primarily T. britovi, but also the domestic T. spiralis.
  • The detection of T. spiralis highlights potential transmission dynamics between wildlife and domestic animals.
  • Continued surveillance of Trichinella in wildlife populations is crucial for understanding parasite ecology and public health risks.