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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness
06:21

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness

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A calcium-dependent switch in a CREST-BRG1 complex regulates activity-dependent gene expression.

Zilong Qiu1, Anirvan Ghosh

  • 1Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0366, USA.

Neuron
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CREST-BRG1 complex controls neuronal gene activity by managing repressor and activator complexes. Calcium influx triggers a cascade, releasing repressors and recruiting activators for gene transcription.

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10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • CREST is crucial for activity-dependent neuronal development.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying CREST's function remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which the CREST-BRG1 complex regulates gene promoter activation.
  • To investigate the role of calcium signaling in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the c-fos and NR2B gene promoters.
  • Investigating protein complex interactions (CREST, BRG1, Rb, HDAC, CBP, calcineurin).
  • Studying calcium-dependent signaling pathways in neurons.

Main Results:

  • A CREST-BRG1 complex modulates promoter activity via calcium-dependent release of repressors and recruitment of activators.
  • In resting neurons, BRG1 recruits a phospho-Rb-HDAC repressor complex to inhibit c-fos transcription.
  • Calcium influx causes calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of Rb, releasing the repressor complex and recruiting CBP for transcriptional activation.

Conclusions:

  • The CREST-BRG1 complex orchestrates calcium-dependent gene transcription in neurons.
  • This mechanism involves the dynamic exchange of repressor and activator complexes at target promoters.
  • The findings suggest a general role for this pathway in regulating neuronal gene expression.