Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring changes during surgical correction of pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis: a single-institution report.

Spine deformity·2026

Same author

The influence of intrathecal baclofen pumps on outcomes following spinal fusion in non-ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy.

Spine deformity·2026

Same author

Disparities in spinal deformity surgery care for children with cerebral palsy and neuromuscular scoliosis.

Spine deformity·2025

Same author

Generalizable Porous Aromatic Framework-Included Polymer Membranes for Diffusion-Enhanced Gas Separations.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025

Same author

Heterotopic Ossification Interfering With Lengthening of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: A Report of 2 Cases Managed With Excision and a PTFE Liner.

JBJS case connector·2025

Same author

High-speed imaging of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation in aqueous cesium chloride.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025

Same journal

Localization and delocalization of defect states in 2D polyaramid with carbon and nitrogen vacancies.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

The impact of macrocyclization: electronic structures and excited state dynamics of pillar[4]arene[1]quinone.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

Tuning the transport properties of penta-graphene nanoribbons.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

High-throughput screening of M-based layered compounds as solid-state electrolytes for chloride-ion batteries.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

Lower bound of the capacitance of constant phase elements based on electrochemical impedance spectra.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

Stability constants of lanthanide-nitrate complexes in aqueous solutions: a theoretical study.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Published on: April 17, 2017

Time-dependent depolarization of aligned HD molecules.

Nate C-M Bartlett¹, Daniel J Miller, Richard N Zare

¹Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|December 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied molecular alignment dynamics in HD molecules using stimulated Raman pumping. They observed oscillations in alignment due to nuclear spin coupling, matching non-hierarchical calculations, not hierarchical ones.

More Related Videos

Single-Molecule Measurement of Protein Interaction Dynamics Within Biomolecular Condensates

Single-Molecule Measurement of Protein Interaction Dynamics Within Biomolecular Condensates

Published on: January 5, 2024

Reconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies

Reconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies

Published on: July 13, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Published on: April 17, 2017

Single-Molecule Measurement of Protein Interaction Dynamics Within Biomolecular Condensates

Single-Molecule Measurement of Protein Interaction Dynamics Within Biomolecular Condensates

Published on: January 5, 2024

Reconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies

Reconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies

Published on: July 13, 2013

Area of Science:

Molecular Physics
Quantum Dynamics
Spectroscopy

Background:

Molecular alignment is crucial for understanding molecular dynamics and reactions.
Nuclear spin coupling significantly influences molecular behavior, especially in small molecules like HD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the time-dependent rotational alignment of HD molecules.
To compare experimental observations with theoretical models of angular momentum coupling.

Main Methods:

Preparation of an aligned HD sample using stimulated Raman pumping.
Monitoring molecular alignment over time using [2+1] REMPI spectroscopy.
Theoretical calculations employing hierarchical and non-hierarchical coupling schemes.

Main Results:

Observed oscillatory decay of molecular alignment due to deuteron and proton spin coupling.
Experimental data showed excellent agreement with the non-hierarchical coupling model.
The hierarchical coupling model did not accurately predict the observed alignment dynamics.

Conclusions:

The non-hierarchical coupling scheme accurately describes the spin-rovibrational dynamics in HD.
Nuclear spin interactions play a critical role in the time evolution of molecular alignment.
This study provides insights into fundamental molecular interactions and quantum dynamics.