Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: colonization and infection in a long-term care facility

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Healthcare Epidemiology
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen in healthcare settings.
• Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are recognized as reservoirs for endemic MRSA.
• Understanding MRSA dynamics in LTCFs is crucial for infection control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the prevalence, transmission, and infection rates of MRSA over one year in an endemic LTCF.
• To identify factors associated with MRSA colonization and acquisition within the LTCF setting.

Main Methods:

• Monthly surveillance cultures for MRSA colonization were performed on all 341 patients over a 1-year period.
• Cultures assessed nares, perineum, rectum, and wounds.
• Data on patient functional status and MRSA infection were collected.

Main Results:

• The overall monthly MRSA colonization rate was 23%, with nares and wounds being the most common sites.
• Poor functional status was linked to MRSA colonization.
• Only 10% of newly admitted patients acquired MRSA during their stay, with low evidence of transmission between roommates and a low infection rate (3%).

Conclusions:

• MRSA is endemic in this LTCF with a low incidence of infection.
• The cost-effectiveness of intensive MRSA screening and eradication protocols in such settings requires careful consideration.