Factors affecting bone mineral density in men.

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Orthopedics
• Public Health

Background:

• Bone mineral density (BMD) is crucial for skeletal health, and its decline is associated with increased fracture risk.
• Identifying modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for low BMD is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.
• Previous research indicates varied associations between lifestyle factors and BMD, necessitating further investigation in specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck and various endogenous and exogenous factors in men.
• To identify specific age-related patterns in the relationship between risk factors and BMD.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 men aged 20-75 years.
• Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck.
• Data on age, body mass index, calcium intake, physical activity, smoking, caffeine consumption, socioeconomic status, and educational level were collected and analyzed for correlations.

Main Results:

• Age negatively affected femoral neck BMD overall and both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in men under 50.
• Physical activity showed a positive effect on femoral neck BMD in men over 50.
• Lumbar vertebral BMD was negatively correlated with smoking in all participants and in those aged 50 and older.
• Femoral neck BMD was positively correlated with body mass index in men aged 50 and older.

Conclusions:

• Age and smoking are significant negative predictors of BMD in men, with distinct patterns observed across different age groups.
• Lifestyle factors like physical activity and body mass index demonstrate age-dependent associations with BMD.
• The study highlights the complexity of BMD determinants and suggests that genetic and geographic factors may also play a crucial role, warranting further research.