Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The future of forensic DNA databases and tools.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Multi-omic profiling defines three distinct molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma with implications for precision therapy.

Clinical and translational medicine·2026
Same author

MitoMetrics: Incorporation of mtDNA profile discrepancies in likelihood ratio calculations.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Statistical interpretation of mtDNA matches in two uncommon types of forensic cases.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

A Rapid, Reliable and Reproducible Protocol for DNA Degradation in Genetic Applications.

Cells·2025
Same author

"We Do Not Seem to Have Geriatric Wards": A Qualitative Analysis of Gaps in Healthcare Access Among Older Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Health science reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing
07:24

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

Published on: February 10, 2023

Mitochondrial DNA control region population data from Macedonia.

Bettina Zimmermann1, Anita Brandstätter, Nina Duftner

  • 1Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of 200 Macedonians revealed 163 unique haplotypes. This genetic data contributes to forensic science and population genetics, with a random match probability of 1:121.

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution
10:47

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

Published on: May 5, 2023

Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
12:11

Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

Published on: May 20, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing
07:24

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

Published on: February 10, 2023

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution
10:47

High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

Published on: May 5, 2023

Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
12:11

Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

Published on: May 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Population Genetics
  • Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial for population genetics and forensic identification due to its maternal inheritance and high copy number.
  • Understanding regional mtDNA variations is essential for building comprehensive forensic databases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the mitochondrial DNA control region haplotypes in the Macedonian population.
  • To establish population-specific data for forensic applications.
  • To compare Macedonian mtDNA haplogroup distribution with other West-Eurasian populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the entire mitochondrial DNA control region from 200 unrelated Macedonian individuals.
  • Identification of polymorphic sites and haplotype diversity.
  • Calculation of random match probability.

Main Results:

  • A total of 163 distinct haplotypes were identified among the 200 individuals, based on 177 polymorphic sites.
  • The calculated probability of a random match was 1:121 (0.83%).
  • The haplogroup distribution aligns with patterns observed in other West-Eurasian populations.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides valuable mitochondrial DNA population data for Macedonia.
  • This data enhances the utility of mtDNA analysis in forensic casework within the region.
  • The findings support the integration of Macedonian mtDNA data into broader West-Eurasian genetic profiles.