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Genetic identification of decomposed cadavers using nails as DNA source.

M Allouche1, M Hamdoum, P Mangin

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Nails offer a valuable DNA source for identifying decomposed bodies. This study found that nail DNA extraction is efficient, yielding high-quality profiles even after extended post-mortem intervals, simplifying forensic identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Traditional DNA sources (blood, muscle) become difficult to use for genetic identification as post-mortem intervals increase.
  • Bones and teeth are alternative sources but require more time-consuming collection and DNA isolation procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate fingernails as a practical and efficient alternative DNA source for the genetic identification of decomposed cadavers.
  • To assess the quality and quantity of DNA obtainable from nails for forensic applications.

Main Methods:

  • DNA was extracted from fingernail samples of volunteers and subsequently from 10 decomposed cadavers with varying post-mortem intervals.
  • A standardized protocol involving 1-hour cell lysis and purification using QIAamp DNA mini kit columns was employed.
  • Full PowerPlex 16 DNA profiles were generated to assess DNA quality and suitability for identification.

Main Results:

  • A mean quantity of 100 ng DNA/mg nail was successfully extracted, an unexpectedly high yield compared to blood and muscle.
  • High-quality PowerPlex 16 DNA profiles were obtained from all 10 cadavers, even those with post-mortem intervals exceeding six months.
  • The results indicate that DNA within nails is well-preserved, even in decomposed remains.

Conclusions:

  • Fingernails are an easily collected and abundant source of high-quality DNA suitable for genetic identification.
  • The developed protocol allows for rapid DNA extraction (within hours) from nail samples.
  • Nails represent a promising alternative DNA source for both routine and urgent genetic identification of decomposed individuals.