Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

Development of Analytical Methods

Development of Analytical Methods

An analytical methodology can be divided into four sequential steps: technique, method, procedure, and protocol. A technique is a scientific principle that rationalizes a specific phenomenon through chemical measurements. Adapting a technique for analyzing a sample of interest is termed a method. The procedure outlines the directions for performing the analysis via an analytical method. The protocol is the detailed guidelines on the procedure, which should be strictly followed to obtain the...

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...

Methods of Medium Optimization

Methods of Medium Optimization

Optimizing growth media enhances microbial proliferation and maximizes product yield. Statistical experimental design methodologies provide structured and reproducible approaches, offering progressively higher levels of robustness and efficiency.The One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) MethodThe One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method involves adjusting a single variable while keeping all others constant. However, it cannot detect interactions between variables, often leading to suboptimal outcomes when...

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Determination of Various Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid by a Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction-LC-MS/MS Method.

Journal of xenobiotics·2026

Same author

Serum Metabolomic Signatures Indicate Oxidative Membrane Lipid Remodeling in β-Thalassemia.

Metabolites·2026

Same author

Mycotoxins and Beyond: Unveiling Multiple Organic Contaminants in Pet Feeds Through HRMS Suspect Screening.

Toxins·2026

Same author

Activated Biochar from Sewage Sludge: A Sustainable Solution for Effective Removal of Emerging Water Contaminants.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Exploring Salivary Thiocyanate as a Novel Biomarker of Physical Activity Response.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Based on C18 Nanoparticles for the Determination of Pesticides in Aquaculture Water Samples.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

Developments on chemometric approaches to optimize and evaluate microextraction.

Constantine Stalikas¹, Yiannis Fiamegos, Vasilios Sakkas

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece. cstalika@cc.uoi.gr

Journal of Chromatography. A

|December 17, 2008

Summary

Chemometric experimental design enhances microextraction techniques for high-quality analytical data. This review details optimizing and validating these methods, streamlining sample processing and improving detection limits.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Published on: August 7, 2016

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Published on: May 20, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

Published on: August 7, 2016

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Published on: May 20, 2013

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chemometrics
Separation Science

Background:

Microextraction techniques are vital for sample preparation in analytical chemistry.
Chemometric experimental design offers a systematic approach to optimize analytical methods.
Integrating these two fields is crucial for advancing analytical data quality.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the core principles of chemometric experimental design and microextraction.
To provide a step-by-step guide for optimizing and validating microextraction processes using chemometrics.
To highlight significant applications and developments in this combined field.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on chemometric experimental design and microextraction.
Systematic approach for optimization and validation of microextraction methods.
Inclusion of a worked example for practical guidance.

Main Results:

Chemometric experimental design significantly streamlines sample processing in microextraction.
The combination improves detectability and facilitates method validation.
Numerous researchers acknowledge the benefits of integrating microextraction with chemometrics.

Conclusions:

The integration of microextraction and chemometric experimental design is essential for high-quality analytical data.
This approach offers a robust framework for method optimization, validation, and improved analytical performance.
The review provides practical guidance and highlights the growing importance of this synergistic combination in analytical chemistry.