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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Published on: January 26, 2018

Adherence with topical glaucoma medication monitored electronically the Travatan Dosing Aid study.

Constance O Okeke¹, Harry A Quigley, Henry D Jampel

¹Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. constance.okeke@uphs.upenn.edu

|December 17, 2008

Summary

Many glaucoma patients struggle with daily eye drop adherence, with nearly half using drops less than prescribed. Patient self-reports often overestimate actual medication use, highlighting poor physician ability to gauge adherence.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Published on: January 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Patient Adherence Research

Background:

Glaucoma management relies on consistent topical medication adherence.
Assessing patient adherence to once-daily glaucoma therapy is crucial for treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate patient adherence and behavioral patterns with once-daily topical glaucoma therapy.

Main Methods:

A prospective, observational cohort study involved 196 glaucoma patients using prostaglandin analogs.
The Travatan Dosing Aid (DA) was used to monitor medication usage over an 8-week period.
Data downloaded from the DA provided objective adherence rates.

Main Results:

The overall mean adherence rate was 0.71 (±0.24), with 55.6% of patients adhering to >75% of doses.
Patients with <50% adherence showed increased dosing around office visits.
Physician and patient self-reported adherence (0.77 and 0.95) poorly correlated with DA-recorded data (ICC=0.09).

Conclusions:

Nearly 45% of monitored patients used eye drops less than 75% of the time.
Patient self-reports significantly overestimated actual medication adherence.
Physicians have limited ability to accurately identify poorly adherent patients based on subjective assessments.