Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Syncope diagnostic evaluation in a southern European population: patterns of clinical practice and cost implications.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Screening for HFpEF in pacemaker patients: Study design and protocol of the PM-HFpEF study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Transcatheter cryoablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and septal accessory pathways: Experience from a tertiary center.

Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Initial experience with the extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: Workflow, feasibility and safety.

Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Multimorbidity approaches in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. The upcoming EHRA-PATHS project.

Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology·2025
Same author

Expanding left bundle branch area pacing - A new step in daily practice.

Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)

Published on: March 2, 2018

Glucocorticoids and neuro- and behavioural development.

Ana Raquel Mesquita1, Yvonne Wegerich, Alexandre V Patchev

  • 1Life & Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life stress hormone exposure, particularly high glucocorticoids, can program lifelong health issues. This developmental programming affects cardiac, metabolic, and neurological functions, highlighting the need for careful obstetric and neonatal care.

More Related Videos

Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders
05:00

Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: November 11, 2022

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)

Published on: March 25, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)

Published on: March 2, 2018

Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders
05:00

Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: November 11, 2022

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)

Published on: March 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies link prenatal and early postnatal stress hormone exposure to adult-onset chronic diseases.
  • The concept of 'developmental programming through stress' posits that early environmental insults can alter long-term health trajectories.
  • High glucocorticoid exposure in early life is implicated in conditions such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of glucocorticoids in developmental programming by stress.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying stress-induced programming, focusing on epigenetic modifications.
  • To emphasize the clinical relevance of glucocorticoid programming in obstetric and neonatal medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological evidence linking stress hormones and developmental outcomes.
  • Analysis of experimental data reproducing stress effects with high glucocorticoid exposure.
  • Discussion of potential epigenetic mechanisms (DNA and histone modifications) involved in stable gene expression changes.

Main Results:

  • High glucocorticoid exposure can replicate key effects of developmental programming, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, and neurobehavioral abnormalities.
  • The timing, duration, and receptor selectivity of glucocorticoid exposure significantly influence the specific health outcomes.
  • Epigenetic modifications are proposed as the key mechanism mediating the stable, long-term effects of early stress.

Conclusions:

  • Glucocorticoids play a critical role in the developmental programming of lifelong health by stress.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing preventative strategies and optimizing treatments in perinatal medicine.
  • Early life programming of neurodevelopment and behavior by stress and glucocorticoids has profound implications for lifetime health.