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When does walking alter thinking? Age and task associated findings.

Jennifer M Srygley1, Anat Mirelman, Talia Herman

  • 1Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

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|December 17, 2008
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Summary

Walking impacts cognitive function, especially in older adults. Executive function (EF) plays a key role in how aging affects dual-tasking abilities during gait.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Gait changes with age and are worsened by concurrent tasks.
  • The impact of walking on cognitive abilities, particularly in aging, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effects of walking on cognitive performance in older and younger adults.
  • To determine the role of executive function (EF) in age-related dual-tasking changes during gait.

Main Methods:

  • 276 healthy older adults and 52 healthy young adults performed cognitive tasks (serial subtractions, phoneme-monitoring) while sitting and walking.
  • Executive function measures were assessed to evaluate their influence on dual-task performance.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed decreased performance on serial subtractions and phoneme-monitoring while walking, but enhanced content recall.
  • Younger adults showed minimal cognitive changes, except for a decrease in serial 7 subtractions during walking.
  • Executive function measures explained age-associated differences in cognitive performance during dual-task walking.

Conclusions:

  • Gait is an attention-demanding task, not purely motor, affecting cognitive performance even in young adults.
  • Age-related declines in executive function contribute significantly to reduced dual-tasking abilities in older adults during walking.