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Emissions of tar-containing binders: field studies.

Martin Hugener1, Lukas Emmenegger, Peter Mattrel

  • 1Laboratory for Road Engineering/Sealing Components, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Duebendorf, Switzerland. mrtin.hugener@empa.ch

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Field construction of asphalt pavements using recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) releases polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Emissions were measured, with the screed area being the main source, but workplace levels remained below limits.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Occupational Health
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) containing tar can release harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
  • Understanding emissions during field construction is crucial for worker safety and environmental protection.
  • Previous laboratory tests provide a basis for comparison with real-world field conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure emissions during the field construction of asphalt pavements using tar-containing RAP.
  • To identify the primary emission sources within the paving process.
  • To determine the total emission rates of fumes and PAHs.

Main Methods:

  • Field construction emissions were measured at three different test sites.
  • The paver was temporarily enclosed to capture emissions.

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  • Emission sources including the screed, hopper, and freshly compacted pavement were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • The screed area was identified as the main emission source, with the hopper and compacted pavement also contributing significantly.
    • Binder composition and emissions were comparable to lab tests, except for Naphthalene.
    • Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) effectively represented carcinogenic PAH toxicity, correlating well with weighted PAH sums.
    • Mass-based PAH sums (EPA PAHs) were poor indicators of workplace concentrations due to dominance by less hazardous compounds.
    • Workplace concentrations for bitumen fumes and PAHs were below Swiss limit values, though margins were small.

    Conclusions:

    • The screed area is the primary source of PAH emissions during RAP asphalt paving.
    • Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a suitable indicator for assessing the toxicity of PAH emissions.
    • Current Swiss limit values for PAHs in RAP-containing hot mix should be maintained due to potentially unfavorable conditions.
    • Despite being below limits, favorable meteorological conditions suggest caution and adherence to existing regulations.