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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
Published on: February 10, 2015
Morphological parameters of the acromion
G Paraskevas1, A Tzaveas, B Papaziogas
1Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. g_paraskevas@yahoo.gr
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to record the basic morphometric values of the acromion. Forty-four pairs of dried scapulas were reviewed. Acromial shape was evaluated in relation to sex, symmetry and presence of subacromial enthesophytes and classified according to Bigliani with the following results: type I (flat): 26.1%, type II (curved): 55.6% and type III (hooked): 18.1%. There was a greater percentage of type III in men (56.2% vs. 43.7%) and type I in women (56.5% vs. 43.4%). Acromial morphology was symmetric in 29 acromia (65.9%). Enthesophytes were most common in type III (75%). A rough inferior surface of the acromion was most frequently found in type III (81.2%). Nine other scapular osteological parameters were also measured. Many differences were noted between male and female scapulae. The great variety of morphological features is assumed to be related to rotator cuff pathology and other shoulder impairments.
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