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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
11:32

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

Headache after concussion.

L J Stovner1, H Schrader, D Mickeviciene

  • 1Norwegian National Headache Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. lars.stovner@ntnu.no

European Journal of Neurology
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic post-traumatic headache after mild head injury is not directly caused by the brain injury. Stress from the traumatic event may trigger primary headaches instead.

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An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
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Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
11:32

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
07:02

An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System

Published on: January 12, 2011

Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials
12:11

Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials

Published on: April 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Trauma Research

Background:

  • Chronic post-traumatic headache following mild head injury remains a debated diagnosis.
  • Investigating the headache patterns in patients with concussion is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of chronic post-traumatic headache diagnosis.
  • To analyze headache patterns in patients with mild head injuries (concussions).

Main Methods:

  • Pooled data from a historic (n=131) and a prospective (n=217) cohort study.
  • Recruited head injury patients from Kaunas, Lithuania hospitals.
  • Used controls with non-head/neck orthopaedic trauma.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in headache diagnosis, frequency, or symptoms were observed between concussed patients and controls one year post-trauma, except for higher photophobia in concussed patients.
  • Pre-traumatic headache predicted post-traumatic headache, though it was likely underreported in concussed individuals.
  • A negative correlation was found between the duration of unconsciousness and headache severity.

Conclusions:

  • The negative correlation and lack of specificity suggest headaches occurring 3+ months post-concussion are not directly caused by the head/brain injury.
  • These headaches may represent primary headache episodes, potentially triggered by the stress associated with the traumatic event.