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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

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A SNP transferability survey within the genus Vitis.

Silvia Vezzulli1, Diego Micheletti, Summaira Riaz

  • 1IASMA Research Centre, Via E, Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy. silvia.vezzulli@iasma.it

BMC Plant Biology
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the Pinot Noir grape genome are transferable within Vitis vinifera cultivars and wild forms. However, their utility is limited in non-vinifera Vitis species, suggesting resequencing for those grape varieties.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genome sequencing efforts are expanding, with single individual sequences often applied to entire species.
  • The highly heterozygous Pinot Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) genome provides a model for studying polymorphism transferability.
  • Understanding genetic variation is crucial for grape breeding and diversity studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the transferability of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the Pinot Noir grape cultivar to other Vitis accessions.
  • To evaluate the informativeness of these SNP markers for genetic studies within the Vitis genus.
  • To determine the applicability of Pinot Noir-derived SNP markers across different Vitis species and cultivars.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of 137 SNPs using the SNPlex Genotyping System.
  • Comparison of SNPlex sequencing results across 35 regions from 69 grape accessions.
  • Analysis of heterozygous state transferability and mean allele frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Heterozygous state transferability of SNP markers was 31.5% in unrelated V. vinifera cultivars and 18.8% in wild V. vinifera forms.
  • Transferability was significantly lower (2.3%) among non-vinifera Vitis species and 0% in Muscadinia rotundifolia.
  • SNP informativeness was evaluated using mean allele frequencies, enabling the development of useful marker subsets.

Conclusions:

  • SNP markers from the Pinot Noir cultivar are validated for V. vinifera, including cultivars and wild forms.
  • Limited application of these markers exists for non-vinifera Vitis species, where resequencing may be more appropriate.
  • This research supports future applications in grape mapping, diversity studies, accession identification, and genomic-assisted breeding.