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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

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Synthesis of a Deuterated Standard for the Quantification of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Endogenous cannabinoids and appetite.

T C Kirkham1, C M Williams

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 238, Reading RG6 6AL, UK. t.c.kirkham@reading.ac.uk

Nutrition Research Reviews
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabis compounds, like Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, stimulate appetite by influencing the brain's endocannabinoid system. This system plays a key role in regulating food intake and the rewarding aspects of eating.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cannabis sativa has long been recognized for its diverse pharmacological effects, notably its ability to induce significant appetite increase.
  • Recent advancements include identifying cannabis's psychoactive compounds (exogenous cannabinoids) and the brain's own cannabinoid system (endocannabinoids).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review existing literature on the role of endocannabinoid systems in appetite regulation.
  • To explore the involvement of endocannabinoids in the incentive and reward mechanisms of food consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and human studies examining cannabinoid effects on appetite.
  • Analysis of research on exogenous cannabinoids (e.g., Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and endogenous ligands (anandamide, 2-arachidonylglycerol).

Main Results:

  • Exogenous cannabinoids and endogenous CB1 ligands are shown to induce hyperphagia (excessive eating).
  • Evidence supports a specific role for endocannabinoid systems in appetite processes, particularly food's incentive and reward properties.

Conclusions:

  • Endocannabinoid systems are integral to appetite control, influencing food-related motivation and reward.
  • Further systematic research is needed for potential therapeutic applications in appetite and weight disorders.