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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
11:53

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C

Published on: June 1, 2018

Modulation of gene expression by vitamin B6.

T Oka1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.

Nutrition Research Reviews
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin B6, as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), modulates gene expression beyond its enzyme cofactor role. Elevated PLP reduces steroid hormone responses and affects albumin gene expression by interacting with transcription factors.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the active form of Vitamin B6 and a crucial enzyme cofactor in amino acid metabolism.
  • Emerging research indicates PLP also influences gene expression, particularly concerning steroid hormone receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the non-cofactor roles of Vitamin B6 (PLP) in modulating gene expression.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which PLP affects steroid hormone receptor activity and other gene expressions.

Main Methods:

  • Studies involved analyzing the effects of pyridoxine administration on hydrocortisone-induced gene expression in rat liver.
  • Investigated PLP's interaction with glucocorticoid receptors and transcription factors (HNF-1, C/EBP) affecting gene expression.

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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
11:53

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C

Published on: June 1, 2018

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

  • Examined the impact of amino acid supply on intracellular PLP levels and albumin gene expression.

    • Main Results:

    • Elevated intracellular PLP levels were shown to decrease the transcriptional response to glucocorticoid, progesterone, androgen, and estrogen hormones.
    • Pyridoxine administration suppressed hydrocortisone-induced cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAspAT) by reducing cAspAT gene expression.
    • PLP was found to directly interact with and inactivate transcription factors like HNF-1 and C/EBP, modulating the expression of genes such as serum albumin.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitamin B6 (PLP) functions as a physiological modulator of gene expression, extending beyond its established role as an enzyme cofactor.
    • PLP's interaction with steroid hormone receptors and transcription factors represents a novel mechanism for regulating gene activity.
    • These findings highlight a significant, previously unrecognized dimension of Vitamin B6's physiological importance.