Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Borderline Personality...

Bipolar Junction Transistor

Bipolar Junction Transistor

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are essential elements in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in the functionality of amplifiers, memories, and microprocessors. These transistors can be designed as NPN or PNP based on their doping patterns. They consist of three layers: the emitter, base, and collector. The configuration of these layers and their respective doping levels—with N-type or P-type impurities—define the transistor's type and its operational characteristics.
The structure...

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Is it possible to treat antagonism?

Personality disorders·2025

Same author

Social contagion, the psychiatric symptom pool and non-suicidal self-injury.

BJPsych bulletin·2024

Same author

Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a Biopsychosocial Model of Borderline Personality Disorder.

The Journal of nervous and mental disease·2023

Same author

Good Psychiatric Management and Dialectical Behavior Therapy: A Clinician's Guide to Integration and Stepped Care.

Journal of psychiatric practice·2023

Same author

Why electroconvulsive therapy still carries a stigma.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2022

Same author

Psychotherapy for personality disorders is underfunded.

Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists·2021

Same journal

Prevalence of Comorbid Postpartum Depression and Anxiety in Birthing Parents Seeking Treatment for Postpartum Depression: Prévalence de la présence comorbide de la dépression et de l'anxiété post-partum chez les parents ayant accouché qui ont consulté en raison de la dépression post-partum.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

Same journal

Healthcare Pattern of Use Before and After Initiating a Long-Acting Antipsychotic Among a Cohort of 6221 Patients With a History of Psychosis.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

Same journal

Clinician's Corner: Chatbots for Psychotherapy.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

Same journal

Understanding Illicit Prescription Painkiller Use: A Multivariable Exploration of Mental Health and Other Predictors Among Canadian University Students: Comprendre la consommation illicite d'analgésiques sur ordonnance : une analyse multivariée de la santé mentale et d'autres facteurs prédictifs chez les étudiants universitaires canadiens.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

Same journal

Update on ADHD genetics: A practitioner's perspective: Mise à jour sur la génétique du TDAH : le point de vue d'un praticien.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

Same journal

Sexsomnia: A Clinical Entity Psychiatrists Should Know About.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

The bipolar spectrum--a bridge too far?

Scott B Patten¹, Joel Paris

¹Department of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. patten@ucalgary.ca

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie

|December 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-level evidence is lacking to support expanding the bipolar disorder (BD) diagnostic category. Current acceptance of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) relies on expert opinion, not robust clinical outcome data.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology
Mental Health Research

Background:

The diagnostic category of bipolar disorder (BD) has been subject to expansion proposals.
There is ongoing debate regarding the definition and scope of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD).

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing literature on the outcomes of expanding the bipolar disorder diagnostic category.
To identify high-level evidence, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies, supporting improved clinical outcomes from diagnostic expansion.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE and other databases.
Studies related to bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) were identified and examined.
The search focused on identifying RCTs or prospective cohort studies.

Main Results:

No RCTs or prospective cohort studies were found that evaluated modified diagnostic or therapeutic practices within the BSD framework.
The existing literature on BSD predominantly comprises expert opinions.
Key themes in the literature include links between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders and proposals to broaden the BD category.

Conclusions:

The study found no high-level evidence to support the clinical utility of proposed diagnostic realignments within the bipolar spectrum.
The acceptance of the expanded bipolar spectrum concept appears to be driven by expert interpretation of epidemiological data rather than empirical evidence of improved clinical outcomes.