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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Developing the next-generation climate system models: challenges and achievements.

Julia Slingo1, Kevin Bates, Nikos Nikiforakis

  • 1NCAS-Climate, Walker Institute for Climate Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK. j.m.slingo@reading.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate model improvements are slowing. This paper suggests adaptive mesh refinement and new methods for multiscale modeling to better represent Earth system processes and leverage petascale computing for improved weather and climate forecasting.

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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Climate Modeling
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Climate models face diminishing returns in accuracy and efficiency improvements.
  • Legacy codes struggle with massively parallel tera/petascale computing architectures.
  • Current models lack the resolution to fully represent the multiscale nature of the climate system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) for climate and weather forecasting.
  • To address the challenges of incorporating biological and human systems into climate models.
  • To advocate for a new generation of Earth system models leveraging advanced computational techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current issues in climate and Earth system modeling.
  • Discussion of adaptive mesh refinement for multiscale representation.
  • Exploration of computational fluid dynamics developments for novel approaches.

Main Results:

  • Incremental improvements in climate models may be plateauing.
  • Existing models are ill-suited for massively parallel computing and multiscale phenomena.
  • Integrating biological and human factors presents significant modeling challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive mesh refinement could enhance scaling and spatial scale representation in forecasting.
  • Radically different methods are needed to model the complexity of Earth system processes.
  • A new generation of climate models is likely necessary to meet future challenges.