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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Decadal climate prediction (project GCEP).

Keith Haines1, Leon Hermanson, Chunlei Liu

  • 1University of Reading, 3 Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK. kh@mail.nerc-essc.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decadal prediction systems require current climate observations for initialization. Early results show initial conditions may influence forecasts for several years, impacting land and ocean predictability.

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Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Published on: March 31, 2023

Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites
09:05

Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites

Published on: June 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Earth System Science
  • Predictive Modeling

Background:

  • Decadal prediction, crucial for climate planning, relies on climate models and current climate observations.
  • Upper-ocean heat content and circulation significantly influence decadal prediction accuracy.
  • Understanding decadal predictability is essential as the field is still developing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of initial conditions on decadal forecasting using the Hadley Centre Decadal Prediction System (DePreSys).
  • To explore the influence of land and cryosphere states on decadal prediction.
  • To develop and assess methods for measuring predictive skill on decadal timescales.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of the DePreSys on NERC compute clusters for extensive ensemble model runs.
  • Utilizing eScience methods for managing large-scale model simulations and data output.
  • Developing and evaluating alternative skill metrics for decadal forecasts.

Main Results:

  • Initial conditions demonstrate potential skill in decadal forecasts extending over several years, including over land.
  • Forecast skill is sensitive to the chosen skill metric, necessitating careful definition and alternatives.
  • The Grid for Coupled Ensemble Prediction (GCEP) system is established to facilitate community contributions.

Conclusions:

  • Initial conditions play a vital role in decadal climate predictability, with potential impacts lasting several years.
  • Further research is needed to refine skill assessment metrics for decadal predictions.
  • The GCEP system will foster collaborative research in decadal climate prediction within the UK academic community and internationally.