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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Structure and Function of Leukocytes01:21

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

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Quantifying Leukocyte Egress via Lymphatic Vessels from Murine Skin and Tumors
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Leukocyte trafficking in primary immunodeficiencies.

Luigi D Notarangelo1, Raffaele Badolato

  • 1Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA. luigi.notarangelo@childrens.harvard.edu

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Leukocyte recirculation is vital for immune balance, but primary immunodeficiencies can impair this process. This review examines how defects in leukocyte trafficking affect specific immune disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Leukocyte recirculation is crucial for immune homeostasis, involving movement through lymphoid organs and tissues.
  • Primary immunodeficiencies can disrupt normal leukocyte trafficking, impacting immune function.
  • Understanding these disruptions is key to addressing various immune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and consequences of impaired leukocyte trafficking.
  • To focus on specific primary immunodeficiency syndromes affecting leukocyte movement.
  • To provide insights into the pathogenesis of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of primary immunodeficiencies affecting leukocyte trafficking.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying impaired leukocyte adhesion and migration.
  • Examination of clinical consequences associated with these defects.

Main Results:

  • Leukocyte adhesion-deficiency syndromes, Warts-Hypo-gamma-globulinemia-Infections-Myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome exemplify impaired leukocyte trafficking.
  • Defects in leukocyte trafficking lead to compromised immune surveillance and increased susceptibility to infections.
  • Specific genetic mutations underlie these trafficking abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired leukocyte trafficking is a significant factor in several primary immunodeficiencies.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of these defects can inform therapeutic strategies.
  • Restoring proper leukocyte migration is essential for effective immune responses.