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Related Experiment Videos

Soft selection and quantitative genetic variation: a laboratory experiment.

A García-Dorado1, P Martin, N García

  • 1Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.

Heredity
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Environmental heterogeneity protects genetic variation for adaptive traits in Drosophila melanogaster populations. However, neutral traits like bristle number showed no differentiation, suggesting soft selection drives adaptation in diverse environments.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Environmental heterogeneity can influence genetic variation within populations.
  • Understanding how different types of environmental variation impact genetic diversity is crucial for evolutionary studies.
  • Drosophila melanogaster serves as a model organism for genetic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of environmental heterogeneity on genetic variation in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • To compare the impact of coarse-grained (R+G) and fine-grained (R/G) heterogeneity on genetic differentiation.
  • To determine if environmental heterogeneity protects genetic variability for adaptive traits versus neutral traits.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated coarse-grained (R+G) and fine-grained (R/G) environmental heterogeneity in population cages using two culture media (R and G).

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  • Maintained control populations in single habitats (R or G).
  • Assessed genetic differences in oviposition-site preference, larval preference, and within-habitat viability, as well as sternopleural bristle number.

    • Main Results:

    • Genetic differentiation between subpopulations from different media was observed for preference and viability traits in populations under R+G and R/G heterogeneity, and in one control population.
    • Environmental heterogeneity, particularly under the 'soft selection' model (R+G), protected genetic variability related to between-habitat differentiation.
    • No genetic between-habitat differentiation or increased heritability was observed for the neutral trait, sternopleural bristle number, under any heterogeneity treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental heterogeneity, especially under soft selection, protects genetic variation contributing to adaptation to diverse environments.
    • While soft selection is a significant force in adaptation to heterogeneous environments, the overall maintained genetic variability might be limited.
    • The study highlights differential effects of environmental heterogeneity on adaptive versus neutral genetic variation.