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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

From immunity to tolerance through HDAC.

Katia Georgopoulos1

  • 1Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. katia.georgopoulos@cbrc2.mgh.harvard.edu

Nature Immunology
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene expression. This regulation impacts how antigen-presenting cells control CD4+ T cell responses, influencing immunity or tolerance.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a crucial cytokine in immune regulation.
  • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a central role in shaping adaptive immune responses.
  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic modifiers with known roles in immune cell function.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the specific role of Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) in modulating IL-10 expression within APCs.
  • HDAC11's influence on IL-10 directly affects the balance between immune activation and tolerance.
  • Understanding this regulatory mechanism is key to dissecting APC function in CD4+ T cell interactions.

Key Insights:

  • HDAC11 directly regulates the gene expression of IL-10.
  • This epigenetic control by HDAC11 is critical for determining whether an APC promotes immunity or tolerance.
  • The findings highlight a novel mechanism by which APCs fine-tune T cell responses.

Outlook:

  • Further research into HDAC11 inhibitors could offer therapeutic strategies for immune modulation.
  • Exploring the downstream effects of HDAC11-mediated IL-10 regulation on various CD4+ T cell subsets is warranted.
  • This work opens avenues for targeting epigenetic pathways in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.