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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

A new function for the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1.

Hisashi Iizasa1, Kazuko Nishikura

  • 1Department of Gene Expression and Regulation, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Nature Immunology
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is crucial for blood formation (hematopoiesis). This enzyme suppresses interferon signaling and prevents premature cell death, highlighting its role in maintaining blood cell development.

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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
09:19

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

Published on: July 22, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
09:19

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

Published on: July 22, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of adenosine to inosine within double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structures.
  • RNA editing by ADAR1 plays a critical role in modulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability.

Discussion:

  • This study reveals a novel function of ADAR1 in the regulation of hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation.
  • ADAR1 acts as a critical suppressor of intrinsic interferon signaling pathways, which can be detrimental to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
  • The enzyme also plays a vital role in preventing premature apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the hematopoietic system.

Key Insights:

  • ADAR1's enzymatic activity is essential for normal blood development.
  • Suppression of interferon responses by ADAR1 is a key mechanism protecting hematopoietic cells.
  • ADAR1 safeguards the hematopoietic system by inhibiting inappropriate cell death.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into ADAR1's role could uncover new therapeutic targets for hematologic disorders.
  • Understanding ADAR1's regulatory networks may provide insights into immune system homeostasis.
  • Targeting ADAR1 could offer strategies for regenerative medicine approaches in hematopoiesis.