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Nutritional assessment and malnutrition in multiple sclerosis
Sara Pasquinelli1, Claudio Solaro
1Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Ospedale S. Bartolomeo, Sarzana, Italy.
Summary
Malnutrition in chronic diseases, often caused by dysphagia, requires careful nutritional status evaluation. Assessment includes swallowing, intake, and lifestyle, with weight loss being a key indicator.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Nutrition
- Gastroenterology
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with chronic diseases.
- Dysphagia is a primary contributor to malnutrition in these patients.
- Nutritional status evaluation is crucial for managing chronic illness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the comprehensive evaluation of nutritional status in patients with chronic diseases.
- To highlight the role of dysphagia as a contributing factor to malnutrition.
- To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in assessing and managing malnutrition.
Main Methods:
- Assessment of swallowing abilities, food intake, and lifestyle.
- Monitoring weight changes, with a significant indicator being >10% weight loss over six months.
- Utilizing validated screening tools like Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST).
Main Results:
- Weight loss exceeding 10% in six months is a significant indicator of malnutrition.
- Hematological parameters and dietary intake analysis are initial steps in clinical assessment.
- Various questionnaires aid in quantifying the severity of malnutrition.
Conclusions:
- A multidisciplinary assessment is essential for effectively evaluating and managing malnutrition in chronic disease patients.
- Early identification and intervention for dysphagia can mitigate malnutrition.
- Accurate calculation of caloric and protein needs is vital for nutritional support.
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