Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Vagina01:26

Vagina

The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs of...
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex Disparities in the Presentation of Gallbladder Disease.

The American surgeon·2021
Same author

Gender Disparities in the Presentation of Gallbladder Disease.

The American surgeon·2019
Same author

An Alternate Approach to Using Candy Cane Stirrups in Vaginal Surgery.

Obstetrics and gynecology·2019
Same author

Borrelia burgdorferi CheD Promotes Various Functions in Chemotaxis and the Pathogenic Life Cycle of the Spirochete.

Infection and immunity·2016
Same author

A retrospective comparison of ring pessary and multicomponent behavioral therapy in managing overactive bladder.

International urogynecology journal·2014
Same author

Critical structure sparing in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for central lung lesions: helical tomotherapy vs. volumetric modulated arc therapy.

PloS one·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Relation between vaginal birth and pelvic organ prolapse.

Eddie H M Sze1, Gerry Hobbs

  • 1Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. esze@hsc.wvu.edu

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vaginal birth is not linked to severe pelvic organ prolapse (stages III-IV). However, multiple vaginal births correlate with an increased likelihood of mild pelvic support defects (stage II).

More Related Videos

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy with Uterine Preservation for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
03:30

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy with Uterine Preservation for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy with Uterine Preservation for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
03:30

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy with Uterine Preservation for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders
  • Female Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition affecting women's quality of life.
  • Vaginal birth is a known risk factor for pelvic support defects.
  • The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) system is a standardized method for assessing prolapse severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the number of vaginal births and the severity of pelvic organ prolapse.
  • To determine if increasing numbers of vaginal deliveries correlate with higher stages of POP, specifically POPQ stages III and IV.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital gynecology clinic.
  • The study included 458 nulliparas and 892 multiparas who had term vaginal deliveries.
  • Pelvic support was evaluated using the POPQ system to quantify prolapse stages.

Main Results:

  • Multiparas had a significantly higher prevalence of POPQ stage II defects compared to nulliparas (50-69% vs 25%).
  • The odds of having a POPQ stage II defect were 2.95 times higher in multiparas.
  • There was no significant association between the number of vaginal births and POPQ stages III or IV prolapse.

Conclusions:

  • Vaginal birth is not associated with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POPQ stages III-IV).
  • An increased number of vaginal births is associated with a higher prevalence of mild pelvic support defects (POPQ stage II).
  • Further research may explore preventive strategies for mild pelvic support defects in women with multiple vaginal deliveries.