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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration01:18

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration

Coulometric titrations are a form of titrimetric analysis where the reagent is generated electrically, and its amount is evaluated based on current and generating time. The electron serves as the standard reagent. The procedure is similar to conventional titrations, such as endpoint detection.
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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
Processes at Electrodes01:30

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The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
08:41

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Limiting current in a flowing-electrolyte-type droplet cell.

Koji Fushimi1, Shunsuke Yamamoto, Hidetaka Konno

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Jo, Nishi-8 Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan. kfushimi@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Electrolyte flow significantly enhances mass transfer in droplet cells. This study reveals convective mass transfer dramatically changes even at low flow rates, improving electrode process analysis and microfabrication.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrode processes and microfabrication require efficient mass transfer.
  • Conventional stagnant cells have limitations in mass-transfer efficiency.
  • Flowing-electrolyte droplet cells (f-DC) offer potential for improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate convective mass transfer in flowing-electrolyte droplet cells (f-DC).
  • To develop a quantitative analysis of electrode processes using f-DC.
  • To enable precise electrofabrication of microstructures with f-DC.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical expression of limiting current in f-DC.
  • Experimental investigation using cyclic voltammetry.
  • Analysis of solutions containing a redox mediator.

Main Results:

  • The limiting current equation in f-DC was derived experimentally.
  • The equation includes hydrodynamic and stagnant terms.
  • The stagnant term in f-DC is ten times larger than in stagnant cells, indicating dramatic changes in mass transfer at low flow rates.

Conclusions:

  • Electrolyte flow dramatically enhances convective mass transfer in droplet cells.
  • f-DC technology offers significant improvements for electrode process analysis and microfabrication.
  • Small volumetric flow rates can lead to substantial changes in convective mass transfer.