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Related Concept Videos

Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation01:17

Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation

Sexual stimulation can take various forms, such as physical touch and visual or auditory cues. When this happens, the parasympathetic reflex in the sacral portion of the spinal cord is activated. This reflex stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO), which then dilates the arterioles in the penis, increasing blood flow to the erectile tissues - the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
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Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

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In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
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Penis

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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intracavernosal Pressure Recording to Evaluate Erectile Function in Rodents
08:03

Intracavernosal Pressure Recording to Evaluate Erectile Function in Rodents

Published on: June 6, 2018

Predictive value of the penilo-cavernosus reflex.

Simon Podnar1

  • 1Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, Division of Neurology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. simon.podnar@kclj.si

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurophysiologic testing of the penilo-cavernosus reflex shows higher accuracy than clinical methods for diagnosing cauda equina lesions. This supports its use in uro-neurophysiologic examinations for improved patient assessment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intracavernosal Pressure Recording to Evaluate Erectile Function in Rodents
08:03

Intracavernosal Pressure Recording to Evaluate Erectile Function in Rodents

Published on: June 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Urology
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • The penilo-cavernosus reflex is a key indicator of neurological function in the sacral region.
  • Accurate assessment of this reflex is crucial for diagnosing and managing lower urinary tract dysfunction, particularly in patients with cauda equina syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the predictive values and specificity of both clinical and neurophysiologic testing methods for the penilo-cavernosus reflex.
  • To determine the diagnostic utility of these tests in men with chronic cauda equina lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 22 control men and 53 men with chronic cauda equina lesions.
  • Elicited and measured the penilo-cavernosus reflex clinically and neurophysiologically using electrical stimulation.
  • Calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios for both testing approaches.

Main Results:

  • Neurophysiologic testing demonstrated higher specificity (90-91%) and positive predictive values (95-96%) compared to clinical testing.
  • Sensitivity ranged from 72-83% for clinical and 81-83% for neurophysiologic testing.
  • Specificities for sensory threshold, reflex threshold, and stimulation strength in neurophysiologic testing exceeded 90%.

Conclusions:

  • Neurophysiologic testing of the penilo-cavernosus reflex offers superior specificity and predictive values over clinical assessment.
  • The findings advocate for incorporating neurophysiologic measurement of this reflex into uro-neurophysiologic examinations.
  • Clinical penilo-cavernosus reflex testing can aid in identifying patients who require further uro-neurophysiologic evaluation for bladder dysfunction and sensory loss.