Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
The Apoplast and Symplast01:46

The Apoplast and Symplast

Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Eco-evolutionary dynamics of massive, parallel bacteriophage outbreaks in compost communities.

Science advances·2026
Same author

The risk of sexual reproduction promotes the evolution of regulation between host and symbionts.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Spatial structure: shaping the ecology and evolution of microbial communities.

FEMS microbiology reviews·2026
Same author

A PLETHORA3/7 transcription factor shapes cucumber shoot architecture.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Plant development: from sessile to fertile.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Rational design of induced regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in the absence of exogenous phytohormones.

The Plant cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 15, 2016

Root system architecture from coupling cell shape to auxin transport.

Marta Laskowski1, Verônica A Grieneisen, Hugo Hofhuis

  • 1Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, USA.

Plos Biology
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Root curvature influences cell size, altering auxin transport and levels. This, along with auxin transporters, guides lateral root formation and spacing, revealing a self-organizing patterning mechanism.

More Related Videos

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale
09:41

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Published on: May 14, 2020

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits
11:09

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits

Published on: February 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 15, 2016

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale
09:41

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Published on: May 14, 2020

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits
11:09

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lateral organ positioning is crucial for plant architecture.
  • Auxin distribution patterns govern organ positioning.
  • Patterning mechanisms operate during growth and cell division, complicating study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying lateral organ positioning in Arabidopsis roots.
  • To investigate the role of root curvature and auxin transport in lateral root formation.
  • To understand how longitudinal spacing of lateral roots is regulated.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of Arabidopsis root growth.
  • Computational modeling of auxin distribution and transport.
  • Genetic analysis using pin2,3,7 triple mutants.

Main Results:

  • Root curvature influences cell size, leading to increased auxin levels in outer pericycle cells.
  • Auxin transporters (AUX1, PIN proteins) regulate local auxin maxima and transport.
  • Auxin import facilitator AUX1 is upregulated by auxin, creating new auxin maxima.
  • PIN proteins modulate longitudinal spacing, with pin2,3,7 mutants showing impaired lateral inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Lateral root patterning integrates environmental cues (e.g., curvature) with intrinsic self-organizing auxin transport systems.
  • Cell size differences induced by bending act as a trigger for lateral organ formation.
  • Auxin transport dynamics, modulated by transporters like AUX1 and PIN proteins, are central to lateral root patterning and spacing.