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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

Antiphospholipid syndrome.

Gerard Espinosa1, Ricard Cervera

  • 1Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Clínic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. gespino@clinic.ub.es

Arthritis Research & Therapy
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiphospholipid syndrome involves blood clots or miscarriages with positive antiphospholipid antibodies. New research explores complement pathways and micro-particles, potentially revealing new treatments for this condition.

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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity.
  • Diagnosis requires positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), including anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant, and anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I.
  • The precise pathogenic mechanisms linking aPLs to thrombosis remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel pathogenic mechanisms in antiphospholipid syndrome.
  • To investigate the roles of the complement pathway and micro-particles in aPL-associated thrombosis.
  • To identify potential new therapeutic targets for APS management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of studies investigating complement activation in APS.
  • Examination of research on micro-particle involvement in thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of the complement system in aPL-mediated thrombosis.
  • Micro-particles have been identified as significant contributors to the prothrombotic state in APS.
  • These novel pathways offer new insights into the disease's development.

Conclusions:

  • The complement pathway and micro-particles represent key novel mechanisms in antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these pathways may lead to the development of targeted therapies.
  • Improved therapeutic strategies could enhance patient management and outcomes in APS.