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Related Concept Videos

The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
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Neck hyperflexion causing isolated thyroid cartilage fracture--a case report.

Hsing-Lin Lin1, Liang-Chi Kuo, Chao-Wen Chen

  • 1Department of Trauma, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isolated thyroid cartilage fracture, though rare, can result from neck hyperflexion injuries during car accidents. This case highlights the need for suspicion of such fractures even without direct neck trauma.

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Area of Science:

  • Traumatology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid cartilage fractures are uncommon and typically result from direct anterior neck trauma.
  • Previous literature has not documented isolated thyroid cartilage fractures caused by neck hyperflexion.

Observation:

  • A case of an unrestrained front seat passenger in a motor vehicle accident who sustained an isolated thyroid cartilage fracture.
  • The injury mechanism involved forehead impact on the windshield, leading to sudden and forceful neck hyperflexion.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced an isolated thyroid cartilage fracture without any direct impact to the neck.
  • This suggests that neck hyperflexion, independent of direct trauma, can cause isolated thyroid cartilage fractures.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for thyroid cartilage injuries in patients with trauma mechanisms involving neck hyperflexion.
  • Evaluation for thyroid cartilage fracture is crucial even in the absence of external neck trauma signs.
  • This finding expands the understanding of potential mechanisms for laryngotracheal complex injuries.