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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

Protein scaffolds in MAP kinase signalling.

Matthew D Brown1, David B Sacks

  • 1Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.

Cellular Signalling
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Protein scaffolds organize mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling complexes. These scaffolds control signal intensity and timing, crucial for diverse cellular functions and physiological processes.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates critical cellular functions like differentiation, proliferation, migration, and inflammation.
  • Cells employ sophisticated mechanisms to ensure specific responses from the versatile MAPK pathway, despite numerous activating factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of protein scaffolds in modulating MAPK signaling specificity.
  • To understand how scaffolds influence signal intensity, temporal dynamics, and cellular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein scaffold interactions within MAPK signaling cascades.
  • Investigating scaffold-mediated control across different biological systems.

Main Results:

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  • Protein scaffolds assemble MAPK signaling components into functional complexes.
  • Scaffolds demonstrate significant control over signal intensity and the time course of MAPK activation.
  • Scaffolds are key determinants of the cellular responses elicited by MAPK signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Protein scaffolds are integral to the precise regulation of the MAPK network.
  • Scaffold-mediated control is essential for fundamental physiological processes regulated by MAPK signaling.