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Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Relationship between dialysis modality and mortality.

Stephen P McDonald¹, Mark R Marshall, David W Johnson

¹Renal Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South SA 5011, Australia. stephenm@anzdata.org.au

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN

|December 19, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) may initially lower mortality compared to hemodialysis (HD), especially for younger patients without comorbidities. However, PD is linked to increased mortality after 12 months, highlighting the importance of patient factors.

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Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

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A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

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Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Clinical Epidemiology
Renal Replacement Therapy

Background:

Mortality differences between peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) remain a significant clinical question.
Existing research presents conflicting data on the comparative survival outcomes of PD versus HD.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare mortality rates between patients undergoing PD and HD.
To investigate how comorbidities and patient age influence the survival outcomes associated with different dialysis modalities.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from 27,015 patients in the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry.
Comparison of mortality between PD and HD groups, considering time-dependent effects and patient comorbidities.
Inclusion of an as-treated analysis to supplement the initial intent-to-treat approach.

Main Results:

PD treatment at 90 days was associated with significantly lower mortality between 90 and 365 days (adjusted HR 0.89).
This survival advantage with PD was primarily observed in younger patients without comorbidities.
After 12 months, PD use at 90 days was linked to significantly increased mortality (adjusted HR 1.33).
An as-treated analysis showed lower mortality with PD during the initial 90 days (adjusted HR 0.67).

Conclusions:

The impact of dialysis modality on patient survival is complex and time-dependent.
PD may offer initial survival benefits, but this can transition to higher mortality risk after one year.
Individualized treatment decisions considering patient age, comorbidities, and treatment duration are crucial.