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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

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Published on: September 6, 2024

Fat embolism syndrome.

Paul D Stein1, Abdo Y Yaekoub, Fadi Matta

  • 1Department of Research, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, Michigan 48341-5023, USA. steinp@trinity-health.org

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) incidence varies by fracture type, patient age, and gender. Multiple femur fractures significantly increase FES risk, while isolated fractures of the pelvis or ribs have very low incidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious complication following trauma.
  • Understanding FES incidence and risk factors is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of fat embolism syndrome (FES).
  • To identify risk factors associated with FES development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) database.
  • Utilized International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for data extraction.
  • Examined data from 1979 to 2005, encompassing over 928 million patient discharges.

Main Results:

  • FES occurred in 0.004% of all hospitalizations and 0.12% of patients with isolated fractures.
  • Multiple femur fractures showed a higher FES incidence (1.29%) compared to isolated femur fractures (0.54%).
  • Men and patients aged 10-39 years had a higher risk of FES; young children had a lower risk.

Conclusions:

  • FES incidence is significantly influenced by fracture location, multiplicity, patient age, and gender.
  • Isolated fractures of the pelvis, ribs, humerus, radius, or ulna rarely lead to FES.
  • Non-orthopedic medical conditions are infrequent causes of FES.